Forced induction is a method used to increase the power output of an engine by compressing the air that enters the combustion chamber. This allows more air and fuel to be burned, resulting in greater power. The main types of forced induction systems are turbochargers and superchargers. Here are the key components of these systems:
Turbocharger Components
Turbocharger Unit: The core component consisting of a turbine and a compressor connected by a shaft.
Turbine: Driven by exhaust gases, it spins the shaft and the connected compressor.
Compressor: Compresses incoming air and forces it into the intake manifold.
Intercooler: Cools the compressed air before it enters the engine to increase its density and reduce the risk of knocking.
Wastegate: Controls the boost pressure by diverting some of the exhaust gases away from the turbine.
Blow-off Valve (BOV): Releases excess pressure in the intake system to prevent compressor surge and damage when the throttle is closed.
Boost Controller: Regulates the amount of boost pressure produced by the turbocharger.
Turbo Manifold: Connects the turbocharger to the engine’s exhaust ports, channeling exhaust gases to the turbine.
Supercharger Components
Supercharger Unit: A belt-driven compressor that forces air into the engine.
Roots-Type: Uses meshing lobes to push air into the intake manifold.
Twin-Screw: Compresses air internally before it enters the engine.
Centrifugal: Similar to a turbocharger but driven by the engine's crankshaft via a belt.
Intercooler: Often used in supercharged systems to cool the compressed air before it enters the engine.
Drive Belt: Connects the supercharger to the engine’s crankshaft, driving the compressor.
Bypass Valve: Allows air to bypass the supercharger when boost is not needed, improving efficiency.
